It is important to understand the influence of early family circumstances on health in old age and to reduce or eliminate health differences in order to achieve healthy ageing. In this study, Shapley and Fairlied value composition methods are used to analyze the degree of contribution of various early family environmental factors to the health of older people. The heterogeneity of the early family circumstances is examined. Early family circumstances not only have the highest contribution to the health in old age, but are also important for different regions. The study suggests that the early family circumstances should be included in the Healthy China Strategy, and the early childhood development policies should be included in the countrys rural revitalization plan, so as to provide fair family circumstances and good starting point for all children, and promote the construction of healthy China and healthy ageing from the early life and family perspective.

Based on the data of national sampling survey on health status of children from distressed families in China, this study explores the differences in child health caused by distressed environmental factors and its relative contribution. The article uses the Shapley value decomposition method to analyze the vulnerabilities and key areas of healthy development of distressed family children. The results suggest that the growth retardation rate and the proportion of insomnia and loneliness of children is higher in distressed families than in ordinary families; children in distressed families are more vulnerable to injury and bullying in school, and the children in incarcerated families are the most likely to be hurt. Family relationship is the most important factor affecting health of children in distressed families. The influence of guardian quality and family economic environment on the health of children in ordinary families is higher than that in distressed families, and the health status of guardians has the greatest contribution to the self-rated health of children in ordinary families.

This paper examines and evaluates livelihood capital and development capacity of families obeying the family planning policy in rural China employing a sustainable livelihood analytical framework. Comparisons are made between families obeying the family planning policy and those violating the policy，and families obeying the family planning policy are classified into different types according to their structure of children and development stages. Results show that child structure is affecting development capacity of rural families obeying the family planning policy，and they have less livelihood capitals when they are at stages of nurturing the young，owing income and supporting the old with relatively long period of inadequate development capacity. Development capacity is considerably challenged when the families enter into the stage of supporting the old with the lowest level of family livelihood.  

This paper examines patterns and trends in health inequality of the Chinese elderly over 1998－2008 using data from Chinese Longevity Health Longitudinal Survey with techniques for spatial analysis．While health status of the Chinese elderly was improving steadily，widening inequality was observed，which
was more serious in rural than in urban areas． There are significant differences in health status of the elderly across the provinces of China． Health status of older people was the best in the eastern region，better in the central region，and worst in the western region． The rural old，female old，oldest old，and older people without spouse had significantly poorer health than their counterparts． More attention and policy support need to be given to those "multiple vulnerable" groups，in order to improve their health status and health inequality．

Based on economic,social and environmental panel data of eight counties in Bijie Prefecture between 1987 to 2007,this article explored the impact of resource environment,economic level and social development on changes of population distribution.The findings are multifaceted.First,the population quantity and density in these eight counties have increased steadily with a similar growth pattern and trend,although the pace of growth varies,suggesting regional disparities.Second,the effect of natural environment on population redistribution has been weakened over time to a lesser extent,which indicates that natural factors have an ingrained impact on the changes of population distribution.Third,the effect of economic and social development,particularly GDP per capita and the quality of medical care,on the changes of population density has been strengthened.Finally,each county in Bijie Prefecture exhibits obviously distinctive characteristics in terms of the dynamic trend of population density,although they share same impact of resources environment,the social and economic development.

Multinomial Logistic models are widely applied to economics and other social sciences.This paper begins with the theories and models of probabilistic-choice behavior and utility maximization,then discuss the logit model and its application in studying fertility choice.The paper examines impacts of individual factors and socio-economic policy on patterns of fertility choice,and quantitatively measures the importance and amount of the impacts through predicted probabilities,discrete changes and odds ratios of fertility choice.The paper finally discusses possible changes in fertility desire and behaviour resulting from changes in the determinants,and their policy implications for future population changes in China.